Ad for sale of an old, 4000 year old Vishnu temple in Kerala. I called, owner claims this is on a one acre of land in Palakkad, Kerala. Sus tus is the equivalent of Tirupati in Kerala. Wish we could prevent this from falling into the wrong hands !

Padmashree Sheldon Pollock tries to establish that ancient Indian societies were  so mean that there was a tradition of slavery in India. He quotes Ramayana and tries to deplore how Rama was a slave to his father and Lakman and Bharat were slaves to Rama. And how, when Rama is speaking to praja, he is quoting his own example to demand that they remain slave to the King.
After Rama's banishment Kaushalya exclaims to Dasaratha:

If only Rama could have lived at home though it meant begging in the city streets!  You had the freedom to grant such a boon, which at the worst had made my son a slave. (38.4)

The verse directs our attention to an important aspect of Rama's status: his absolute heteronomy.  The status of junior members of the Indian household was, historically, not very dissimilar to that of slaves (as was the case in ancient Rome), both with respect to the father and, again, hierarchically among themselves.  The image of Rama's bondage is enhanced by the fact that he is obliged to pay a debt that devolves upon him with the death of his father.  More generally, like the slave, Rama is "not his own master, he is subordinate to others and go where he wishes," as an early Buddhist text defines the condition of slavery.

On this level of signification, where Rama's position is one of unqualified subservience to the will of his master, the relations that has come to characterize the social formation can be understood.  As Lakshmana and Bharata submit to Rama ("I am your servant," says Lakshmana to Rama 20.35; "I am your slave," says Bharata 97.12), and as Rama himself submits and suffers ("the King [my] master is exercising his authority ... over me," 21.17), so all the orders of society are to recognize and observe the strict boundaries of hierarchical existence.  This is not something that the poet is content merely to suggest.  It is explicitly enunciated: "as I myself have shown you,"Rama tells the people of Ayodhya, explaining the example he is setting, "you must obey your master's order" (40.9).  Rama's behavior is a paradigm to which all subordinates must conform.

These are the people who do not understand the PREM and ADARA shown towards elders -- a firm Bharateey tradition. What we Bharateeyas consider as a desirable value, Pollock tries to show it as the debasest meanness. 
It is for us Bharateeyas to think whether we want brothers like Ram-Bharat, Ram-Lakshman or brothers like Aurangjeb, who in order to get kingdom, kills his own brother Dara. Only then we will be able to answer whether we want Padmashris of Pollock type.

did India exist

 ykwadhwa01@gmail.com

I would like to ask proponents of the nasty idea that if India did not exist in the ancient times and also if it had no entity of its own, then how could its knowledge spread far and wide. In those ancient days was it possible to provide learning to a large number of people in a large number of disciplines without a central learning center?   The fact is that it was not only the territory of India which came under attack but also its  Vedic  knowledge which was picked up by the invadors.   Undoubtedly, India being the birth place of knowledge has been the Jagadguru.  It is  the sacred land of India  which has been the educational center of the world as Maharishi Manu says:

Etddesh prasutasya skashadagrajanmana 

swam swam charitram shikshran prithiviya servamanva (Manusmriti  2.20)

The idea of this is - "Let all men of the world, in all walks of their life, receive instructions in their various trade, rules of conduct suited to their respective positions in life and acquire knowledge from the  learned persons born in this land (India)."  

On the authority of Manusmriti and other scriptures, Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati in his book Satyartha Prakash has given the geographical boundreis of 'Arya Vrat' i.e,land of cultured people , which lies between boundries of Himalyas in the north  and mountains called Vindhyas stretching right upto Rameshwaram in the South. Late Pt.kshitish Vedalankar, who was an eminent author and a journalist in an article "Ratnakar and Mahoodadhi - Arab Sagar and Bengal Ki Khari" published in Dayananda Commemoration Vol, 1983 says that on his visit to Rameshwaram he was surprised to see very long corridors of the temple and its two unusual gatekeepers,'Ratnakar and Mahoodadhi'. After lot of investigation, a pujari explained to Pandit Vedalankar that the gatekeeper Ratnakar stands for Arabic Sea while the other Mahoodadhi for Bay of Bengal.  Every pilgrim in ancient days was supposed to carry not only Ganga water from the Himalayas but also a bow & arrow to the Rameshwaram Temple. During ancient times Army was stationed in the long corridors while bows and arrows were its weapons to be used against any external aggression.  The Shivlinga in the temple was also given bath in Ganga water.  The same water which was brought by every pilgrim was also used by army for drinking purpose.  Rameshwaram a sort of Border post, is/ was one of the four dhams apart from the other three located in  different parts of India.  Sanskrit was the lingua franca of the country right from Afganistan to Kanyakumari.  There are numerous mantras of Vedas which are related to 'Rashtra' - Nation.  At one place Rig Veda(10.18.10) says 'Serve the Motherland with all your heart' - upsarp mataram bhumimetam. Even during Vedic Marriage Ceremony Raashtrabrit Yajna for the well being of the Nation is performed.  Dr.Deen Bandhu Chandora in the book 'Vedic Marriage Ceremony, Sanskaar/Sacrament'(pub.by Greater Atlanta Vedic Temple Society Inc)Ed.2012 says "Marriage is one unit that creates and sustains the nation, therefore, in Vedic marriage ceremony the couple is reminded about their responsibilities towards sustenance of the nation."

India has been the light house of knowledge. The word Bharat is made up of  - bha(knowledge)+rat(engaged)and whose residents remain immersed in acquisition of  knowledge.  Ashoka ruled over this land of  Bharat Bhoomi and before him a long list of Chakravarti Samrats(emperors)is available in Puranas and Mahabharata. Eminent Vedic scholar, Dr.Fatah Singh in his book 'Bhartiyata ko Vedon Ki Dain' pub.by Ved Sansthan, New Delhi,Ed.1991 says that generally in  Puranas the territory between Himalayas and the coastal areas has been described as Bharat Desh.  Some puranas, Dr.Fatah Singh says also mention the above territory of 'Bharat' as  'Kumaridweep' and 'Greater Bharat' is consisted of countries like Jawa(Yavdweep), Sumatra, Taiwan(Tamravarna), and islands like Bornio(Varundweep). Almost same rule of law existed over this vast land of Bharat, movement of pilgrims over the entire territory was widespread apart from commonality of  culture, festivals, dharmic concepts, etc. All this is a clear evidence that in ancient India there existed not only a deep political but also cultural unity.

Y.K. Wadhwa 

China-occupied Kashmir

Why Modi-Jinping talks should also focus on CoK - China-occupied Kashmir by sanjeev nayyar in Firstpost.com

http://www.firstpost.com/world/modi-jinping-talks-also-focus-cok-china-occupied-kashmir-1710791.html

 

The common perception in India is that we have a problem with Pakistan over Kashmir, with our western neighbour not only sitting on large chunks of our territory (Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, or PoK) but also sending jihadis over to create mayhem on this side of the line-of-control (LoC).

What Indians do not so readily acknowledge is that we also have a CoK problem in addition to the PoK one. CoK is China-occupied Kashmir, and this part of real estate grabbed un China accounts for nearly a fifth of the original Jammu & Kashmir state that joined the Indian Union in 1948 after its Maharaja Hari Singh signing the instrument of accession.

So when Chinese President Xi Jinping visits India from 17-19 September, the Indian side will not only have to focus on trade, investments and the broader issues that strain the relationship (the unsettled border row over which we fought a war in 1962), but also on CoK. Narendra Modi will have to bring CoK also in his discussions with Jinping - even though the border problem is not going to be solved in a hurry.

The problem with Indians is that we tend to forget what the Kashmir issue is really about as the decades pass. This writer will thus like to refresh memories on what the issue is really about, and on what China is up to (the full monograph on Kashmir will soon be published byFirstpost in a downloadable ebook shortly).

Let’s start with a brief chronology of key events in Jammu and Kashmir. The problem became a formal India-Pakistan flashpoint when Pakistan, in a bid to force the ruler to join Pakistan, sent in around 5,000 Pathan tribesmen to invade J&K starting on 21 October 1947. That set off a chain of events of which the highlights are the following:

*Instrument of Accession (hereafter referred to as IoA) signed on 26 October 1047

*IOA unconditionally accepted by Lord Mountbatten that same day

*Jawaharlal Nehru sent the Indian army to defeat the Pathan invasion, but chose to go to the UN on 1 January 1948 on the aggression

*Resolutions adopted by the UN Commission for India and Pakistan on 13 August 1948 and 5 January 1949 provided for a plebiscite in J&K after the withdrawal of troops by Pakistan from PoK

*The regent of J&K, Karan Singh, issued a proclamation on 25 November 1949 that legally declared total oneness of the state with the Constitution of India

*Article 370, which the BJP now wants to scrap, became a part of Indian Constitution in 1950

*Elections to the State Constituent Assembly were held in 1951 and Sheikh Abdullah became PM of J&K

*Sheikh Abdullah was arrested in 1953 when Nehru felt he was developing his own agenda

*The Kashmir Constituent Assembly confirmed the legality of the state’s accession to India in 1954

*The J&K constitution came into force on 26 January 1957.

India entered the Kashmir chakravyuh – a battle formation adopted by the Kauravas in their war with the Pandavas which Abhimanyu, Arjuna’s son, knew how to enter but not exit safely – with Nehru’s decisions of 1948, but no one has been able to exit this chakravyuh.

If we have to exit the chakravyuh, both ordinary Indians and policy-makers have to understand what is at stake. So let’s begin with some basic facts about Kashmir, its geography, and how much of Kashmir Pakistan and China are sitting on right now.

The state of J&K had a total area of 2,22,236 sq km in 1947 before it joined India. Of this only 46 percent is in India’s possession today; the balance is under forceful occupation of Pakistan and China.Muhammed Ali Jinnah is said to have complained about a moth-eaten Pakistan heinherited after partition, but in Kashmir India actually has less than half the state – a moth-eaten Kashmir, so to speak.

WHO HAS WHICH PART OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Regions	Area in Sq Km	% of current J&K controlled by India	% of original J&K state in 1947
Jammu region	26,293	26.0026	12.0012
Kashmir Valley	15,948	16.0016	7.007
Ladakh region	59,146	58.0058	27.0027
State of Jammu and Kashmir	1,01,387	100.00100	46.0046

 

WHO HAS WHICH PART OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Regions	Area in Sq Km	% of current J&K controlled by India	% of original J&K state in 1947
Area covered by Instrument of Accession	2,22,236	NANA	100.00100
Forceful occupation by China after 1962 war	37,555	NANA	17.0017
Pakistan-Occupied J&K (Mirzapur, Muzaffarabad 13,297 sq km; Gilgit-Baltistan 64,817 sq km)	78,114	NANA	35.0035
PoK area ceded by Pakistan to China in 1963	5,180	NANA	2.002

This 2.22 lakh sq km of Jammu and Kashmir was ruled till 1948 by Maharaja Hari Singh, whose full title at that time was quite a mouthful: Shriman Indar Mahander Rajrajeshwar Maharajadhiraj Shri Hari Singh Ji Jammu and Kashmir Naresh Tatha Tibet adi Deshadhipathi.

Which brings us to the bigger questions. What are Pakistan’s and China’s interests in owning large areas of Jammu & Kashmir.

Q1: Why was (or is) J&K important to Pakistan?

A: Lt Gen NS Malik wrote: “J&K forms the head of the Indian sub-continent, and has been the traditional trade route of Central and South Asia to the East and Tibet, generally called the ‘Silk Route’. It is bounded by more countries than any other state of India; in the North East with Tibet, and further North with Xinjiang province of China, in the North West with the Wakhan corridor of Afghanistan, in the West with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and further South with Punjab of Pakistan. This geographic layout is strategically so important that no power of the world wants to remain away from the area, as it gives them access to the sensitive areas of the neighbouring countries”.

Q2: What is the importance of Aksai Chin (a part of undivided J&K) to China?

A: The Sinkiang (Xinjiang) and Tibetan plateaus constitute a wedge into the Himalayas and were considered by China to be very strategic. They wanted to grab those areas that allowed them to establish roads between Sinkiang and Tibet. With the undetermined border between Soviet Turkestan and Sinkiang a source of friction and tension with Russia, China needed an effective line of communication with Sinkiang through Akshai Chin.

Lt Gen N S Malik wrote: “China is spending huge sums to build infrastructure through highways connecting Tibet to Xinjiang through the Chinese-occupied Aksai Chin plateau, and Xinjiang to Pakistan via the Karakorum highway through the Kunzreb pass. This highway then connects Gwadar port on the Arabian Sea, giving a warm water port and access to the Indian Ocean to China. Its importance can be visualised in that China trade can avoid the bottleneck of the Malacca straits as also cuts down turnaround to the interior provinces of China.”

Clearly, it is not going to be easy for India to reclaim the parts of Kashmir it has lost to Pakistan and China. But that does not mean it should not be brought on to the table for discussion.

(Click here for the map of Kashmir; the areas in grey to the top-left are PoK; the areas on top-right in light green are China-occupied Kashmir).

Warm Regards
sanjeev nayyar 

भारतीय समाज, संस्कृति और दुविधा

भारतीय समाज, संस्कृति और दुविधा

आज भारतीय समाज अपनी संस्कृतिको लेकर एक दुविधा में है। पहले उन्हींकी बात करें जो मानते हैं कि हमारी सांस्कृतिक विरासत महान है -- जो मानते हैं कि एक समयमें भारत विश्वगुरु था -- और चाहते हैं कि फिर से बने -- जो जो मानते हैं कि एक समय में भारत सोनेकी चिडिया हुआ करता था -- एक समृद्ध आर्थिक सशक्तता की पहचान।
सबसे भारी दुविधा तो इन्हींकी है। क्योंकि इनके सम्मुख दो विचार हैं --पहला विचार कहता है कि भले ही विरासत वैसी रही हो -- पर उसका उपयोग केवल पश्चिमी देशोंको जताने के लिये है -- कि देखो हमारी अस्मिता कोई ऐसी वैसी नही है -- हमारे पास भी आत्माभिमान है कि कभी हम ऐसे थे। 

Perfection Vs Optimisation

RM mails
Most choices we face in life are not between a "good" and a "bad" option. Often, there is no good choice available. In fact, most of the time one can find flaws in every available option. The choice must be a pragmatic one, among those that are available in a given situation.

It is important to be able to choose among the "bad" choices available, or one might say, among the sub-optimal options before us. Some choices are worse than others. I find too often that individuals are quick to reject every available choice, citing valid reasons for each rejection, and they become frozen in their problem-solving. Life is not about making good choices. Life is about the optimization of outcome based on the context one faces. BD explains how/why dharma is context-sensitive, and hence pragmatic.

For instance, when I am writing, I must choose between expediency and perfection. There is no end to perfection one might strive for, and the more reviews of drafts and feedback I go one soliciting, the better the quality becomes. But then I also go on losing time and the potential window to make impact. Yet, when people find inconsequential errors, they love to shout "gotcha", as if this is some kind of fatal error. In hindsight, I wish I has published my UTurn and digestion multiple volumes many years back even though they are in an imperfect state, because the impact these will bring is so huge. I regret delaying in order to achieve perfection for the sake of being able to defend my work on pedantic issues.

I must also choose between one type of target reader and another. What works best for casual readers will not suffice for game changing impact at a deep level. Conversely, a long-term impact book will not easily be read by the masses.

So how is one to decide what to optimize, and in which context? My overall principles for optimization must be anchored in my sva-dharma. My personal sva-dharma is something nobody here knows fully. Hence, all sorts of advice I get is often foolish and counter productive. How do these over-opinionated people know what I want to optimize and why? Have they had prior experience doing what they advise me to do, and if not, why should I bother listening to every wise-ass that comes along? If they are so smart, why do they not get out of their comfort zones and do something, get the experience, become accountable, and then pontificate?

Aditi recently quoted Donald Rumsfeld saying that we must fight a war with the army we got, not the army we wish we had. This is a very sharp statement of what Americans call pragmaticism. (My unpublished book on the Buddhist influences on the West (now a draft of 1,000 pages), shows that the philosophy of pragmaticism attributed to Charles Pierce and William James was in fact borrowed by them from Buddhism. Ironically, that book will wait for another day, because of my failure to have published it years back when I could have, in order to try and "perfect" it!) In other words, dharma is very pragmatic. Roddam Narasimha shows this pragmatism in many areas of Indian thought - calling it heuristic thinking of the very sophisticated kind.

Unfortunately, many of our traditional scholars have got stuck in narrow silos of pedantic and petty level thinking. They have lost sight of the big picture. Westerners control the big picture. They have squeezed Indians to find comfort in tiny roles, gleefully making trivial points. This is the Indological equivalent of coolie work. Refer to my 4-tier model in a previous thread, and this is level/tier-4 work where some scholar points out isolated/fragmented issues here and there. To be a macro-level optimizer one must be a strategic mind.

IKs must learn to study the multiple levels of a situation. Figure out what matters most, where the priorities are. What can be compromised and what should not. Be open to tactical alignments even with opponents (just as in forming a coalition government, or in foreign alliances, or in business joint ventures). This is why memory-based information lacks common sense. How many traditional scholars can you name who have adequate experience of the kurukshetra of today, detailed knowledge of the top players today, insights into the inner workings of institutional mechanisms? How many of them can successfully apply their old knowledge to address real-world problem solving for today? How many even know what the cutting edge issues are right now?

caste system--Kevin Hobson

The Indian caste system, British ethnographic mapping, and the construction of the British census in India – Kevin Hobson

“What the British failed to realize was that Hindus existed in a different cosmological frame than did the British. The concern of the true Hindu was not his ranking economically within society but rather his ability to regenerate on a higher plane of existence during each successive life. Perhaps the plainest verbalization of this attitude was stated by a 20th century Hindu of one of the lower castes who stated: “Everything lies in the hands of God. We hope to go to the top, but our Karma (Action) binds us to this level.” If not for the concept of reincarnation, this would be a totally fatalistic attitude but if one takes into account the notion that one’s present life is simply one of many, then this fatalistic component is limited if not eliminated. Therefore, for the Hindu, acceptance of present status and the taking of ritual actions to improve status in the next life is not terribly different in theory to the attitudes of the poor in western society. The aim of the poor in the west is to improve their lot in the space of a single life time. The aim of the lower castes in India is to improve their position over the space of many lifetimes. It should also be borne in mind that an entire caste could rise through the use of conquest or through service to rulers.Thus, it may be seen that within traditional Indian society the caste system was not static either within the material or metaphysical plane of existence. With the introduction of European and particularly British systems to India, the caste system began to modify.”

 

Those Sudras who were carrying human excreta is considered untouchable because they were doing  the most dirtiest job in the  world. It is  Muslims and British  who are responsible for the plight of the scavengers and other menials.  The British constructed  service toilets in their colonies and used Indians to carry human excreta.  Despite the fact that Septic  tank was invented in  France in 1860, the British made no effort to   convert  the service toilets  to septic tank.  This conversion  work started  only after Independence(Transfer of Power) in 1947.  Full details  can be obtained  from  the book “Present Dalit (Scavengers) Situation in India” by Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak*(sent as attachment).

There are no significant cases of  human genocide or atrocities committed by  the so-called upper class Hindus against  the so-called lower castes.  Some stray incidences of sexual harassment  and exploitations against Dalit families are reported in some villages over  the last 60  years. This number is very  negligible  as compared to the genocide committed  by Christians, Muslims and Marxists  in the 20^th  century .

Sri. Kalavai Venkat  has presented certain conclusions  which are startlingly different from what the HAF arrived at even after allowing for variances between the reporting years.

The following table summarizes data from NHRC:[37]

	2004-2005	2006-2007
Total # of cases reported	74401	82233
Total # of cases disposed	24936	17341
# of cases disposed relating to atrocities committed against SC/ST	593	330
% of crimes committed against SC/ST (based on disposed cases)	2.01	1.90
% of crimes committed against other castes (based on disposed cases)	97.99	98.10
% of SC/ST population out of total population	22.50	22.50
Per capita crime rate against SC/ST	0.09	0.08
Per capita crime rate against other castes	1.26	1.27

In other words, based on data available from NHRC, in 2004-2005, 14 times more crimes were committed against  non-SC/ST individuals than was committed against  SC/ST individuals. In 2006-2007, 16 times more crimes were committed against  non-SC/ST individuals than against  SC/ST people.

The following table summarizes data from NCRB:[38]

	2008
Total # of crimes committed	5,938,104
# of crimes committed against SC/ST (according to the HAF report)	33,615
% of crimes committed against SC/ST	0.57
% of crimes committed against other	99.43
% of SC/ST population out of total population	22.50
Per capita crime rate against SC/ST	0.025
Per capita crime rate against other castes	1.28

Lot of social changes had taken place during Gandhi ji’s period and after Independence. Unlike Christians, Muslims and Communists, we Hindus never use force to establish our superiority in the world. About 98 % of the Hindus have no idea about Varnas, as explained in the Vedas. The remaining 2% does not know t how to explain the real purpose of Varnas to the present younger generation. So we made an attempt to compare Varnas to the present day division of labour. Today we have two types of labour in industries. One is called organized sector and other is unorganized sector. Since there were no major industries in olden days everybody worked like unorganized sector. During British rule organized sector of labour was found in Railways, cotton mills, jute mills, power generating stations, and was established for their convenience of the British for their policy implementation. Ordinary Indians were not allowed to travel in the 1^st class compartments in those days. Separate Colonies were constructed in all the Industrial units for the British officers, supervisors, clerical staffs and workers with club facilities for recreation to maintain separate identities according to the type of work to avoid labour problem. Thus in every Railway, one can find ‘Babu Block’, ‘Foremen Colony’ and ‘Officers’ Colony’. Was it not a kind of discrimination? When the master is showing discrimination, automatically it will spread to the rank and file.  It is an undisputed fact that no country or industry can survive without the division of labour. During the British rule, a fitter or Khalasi(sweeper) had to work in the same post  till his  retirement,  because there was no channel/avenue of promotion. Even after retirement, the person used to be identified as fitter or Khalasi. Similarly a soldier/jawan /fauji in the Army is known as such in his native village. The same thing happened in Indian caste system.  There was no channel / avenue to change their trade or profession till Independence.  In order to safe guard the livelihood, they started to form separate societies and marriages were conducted within the members of the particular society to avoid infiltrations from other castes. For example, in Kerala there is a society of people called Ambalavasis.(laborers of the temple).  Among   the Ambalavasis, there is division of labor such as Warrier, Nambiar and Marar depending upon the type of work they perform. They have to do all types of jobs including sweeping, washing, cleaning of utensils and making flower garlands for the Deities and decoration of the temples.  The Nambiars were temple artistes. The Marars play the musical instruments.  As remuneration they get free food, dress and accommodation near the temple because they have to be in the temple very early in the morning.  Since they were connected with temple up- keep their status was  just below the Brahmins. Every temple had lots of lands, donated by the Royals.  Gradually, many social changes took place in majority of the Hindu communities in Independent India. Thus all these communities have diversified into various fields.   Our late President  K.R. Narayanan was a harijan, whose  family’s  profession was  plucking  coconuts  from the  tree. The present Chief Minister of Kerala, V.S .Achuthanandan belongs  to  Ezhava caste  and his  family profession was  meshing coir to make ropes . He studied only up to Class VIII. Similarly  many Dalits were able  to  occupy  very  high posts/positions in life. Chief Minister of UP  Mayavati ,the  late  Jagjivan Ram,  his daughter  Meira Kumar, ex- C J  of SC, K.G. Balakrishnan  are some of the persons of Dalit origin to ascend  high positions.  We   should  tell  the world  of our achievements   A Doctor who is running  a hospital would want  his children  also to become  doctors, so as to continue the establishment.   A chartered accountant running a successful firm would encourage his children to follow in his footsteps.  This trend has caught on with the politicians and film stars as well, due to the attraction of money-power. In the public life of the politicians, it has paved the way for nepotism.  This is an inherent lacuna in the system, for which religion is not responsible.  

Take the case of the British King/ Monarch. None from outside the Royal family can become King/Queen, and hierarchy is also followed.   This is also a kind of caste system, but it is continuing in the British Royal Family.  The political Nehru family is also trying to do the same thing, making a mockery of democracy.  Brahmins also followed the same system, but now there is a total change in their outlook after Independence.  I do not find anybody raising these points to counter the malicious propaganda by the British/evangelists against Sanatana Dharma.

Similarly, the propagandists   talk about Sati which was practiced only sporadically in some parts of north India about two centuries back. What was the origin of Sati? During the war with Muslim invaders, thousands of women became widows and some Hindus might have introduced this practice to save the chastity of Hindu widows from the Muslim marauders.. We should question them as to what they would have done in that condition to save the dignity of thousands of women? In this case also nobody is giving the number of cases The no. of Sati cases were few.  Compare this with the atrocities by Christian missionaries against girls/women  in the name of witch- hunt.  The problem with majority of Hindus is that they just believe whatever the foreigners. Say without countering them. Of course there was no internet at that time to collect datas. Now things are different- we can counter them. With datas. I will be attaching a data sheet showing the number of people who suffered at the hands of the Christians, Marxists, Muslims and Americans in the 20^th century.  India does not figure on that list.